Edexcel A-Level Politics | Component 3B: Global Politics | 2026 Predicted Paper | Mark Scheme Question 1(a)
Section A Mark Scheme
Section A is worth 12 marks. The command word “Examine” requires students to identify and develop comparisons, in these questions specifically differences, rather than simply writing everything they know about each concept separately. Edexcel allocates 6 marks to AO1 and 6 marks to AO2, so knowledge needs to be used to build direct analytical comparisons.
A strong response would normally contain around three developed comparative points. A lengthy introduction or conclusion is not necessary. The 2024 examiner report specifically praised answers that made direct comparison and contrast throughout, rather than outlining one side and then outlining the other, and warned against drifting away from the precise focus of the question.
Levels-based mark scheme for Questions 1(a) and 1(b)
Level | Marks | Descriptor |
Level 0 | 0 | No rewardable material. |
Level 1 | 1–3 | Superficial knowledge and understanding. Comparison is limited, with only partial chains of reasoning and simplistic connections between the concepts. |
Level 2 | 4–6 | Some accurate knowledge and understanding. Some relevant comparison is made and there are emerging analytical chains of reasoning, although these may be uneven or underdeveloped. |
Level 3 | 7–9 | Mostly accurate and appropriately selected knowledge. Comparison is mostly focused, with developed logical chains of reasoning and relevant connections between the concepts. |
Level 4 | 10–12 | Accurate and carefully selected knowledge consistently underpins the answer. Comparative analysis is sustained, direct and coherent, with developed logical chains of reasoning and relevant connections throughout. |
This follows Pearson's published Section A assessment model. Level 4 requires accurate knowledge that is carefully selected to underpin consistent comparative analysis, rather than simply a larger quantity of factual information.
Question 1(a)
Examine the differences between the use of military hard power and cultural soft power as methods of exercising influence in global politics.
(12 marks)
The answer must compare military hard power directly with cultural soft power. Students do not need to decide which is better, because there is no AO3 evaluation here. The specification distinguishes hard power, including military power, from soft power, including cultural power, and requires students to understand their use and effectiveness.
Indicative content
Students may demonstrate knowledge and understanding such as:
Military hard power involves using military capabilities to pressure, compel or deter other political actors.
Cultural soft power operates through attraction and influence rather than coercion.
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